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Veteran’s Day November 11th

Millions of Americans are preparing to celebrate Veteran’s Day on the 11th of November.  On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918, an armistice was declared, effectively ending “The Great War” – World War I.This day has been marked ever since, with parades and special ceremonies all across America.

In November 1919, President Wilson proclaimed November 11 as the first commemoration of Armistice Day with the following words:

“To us in America, the reflections of Armistice Day will be filled with solemn pride in the heroism of those who died in the country’s service and with gratitude for the victory, both because of the thing from which it has freed us and because of the opportunity it has given America to show her sympathy with peace and justice in the councils of the nations…”

On November 11, 1921, an unidentified American soldier killed in World War I was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. We call his resting place  the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Every year the President of the United States places a wreath of flowers at the site.

The United States Congress passed a  resolution on June 4, 1926, with these words:

Whereas it is fitting that the recurring anniversary of this date should be commemorated with thanksgiving and prayer and exercises designed to perpetuate peace through good will and mutual understanding between nations; and

Whereas the legislatures of twenty-seven of our States have already declared November 11 to be a legal holiday: Therefore be it Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), that the President of the United States is requested to issue a proclamation calling upon the officials to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings on November 11 and inviting the people of the United States to observe the day in schools and churches, or other suitable places, with appropriate ceremonies of friendly relations with all other peoples.

Everyday Americans turn out for local parades, thank the military veterans they know who served in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard, fly the Stars and Stripes, and stand proud with hands over hearts when the American anthem, the Star Spangled Banner, plays.

It’s reported that President George Washington once said:

“The willingness with which our young people are likely to serve in any war, no matter how justified, shall be directly proportional to how they perceive the Veterans of earlier wars were treated and appreciated by their nation.”With millions showing disrespect for our flag and to those who bravely fought and gave the ultimate sacrifice, their lives, to protect the citizens of the United States and  freedoms, it is now more important than ever that we celebrate our veterans and we fly our flags proudly.

 

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The Ghosts of Gettysburg  

3 inch rifle

It is said that Gettysburg is one of the most haunted places in America. Don’t believe in ghosts? Well, here is a story that may just change your mind.An old man approached some extras sitting at Little Round Top during filming of the movie Gettysburg. He wore a torn and scorched uniform, and smelled of gunpowder.The old man talked about the fury of battle, passed out rounds of ammunition and left.The extras figured he was one of the people in the film, but in looking more closely at the  ammunition, they noticed it looked odd. They took the rounds to the man in charge of those props. But he said they were not from him – they were actual Civil War rounds.For years at Gettysburg a barefoot man dressed in a shirt and hat matching the uniform of a Texas unit has been approaching the tourists. The man always says, “What you’re looking for is over there.”  He points to Plum Run and vanishes.Plum Run is a stream between Little Round Top and Devil’s Den, the center of the heaviest fighting of the battle of Gettysburg.The oldest building at Gettysburg College served as a field hospital during the battle. One night in the 1980’s two college administrators got onto the elevator on the 4th floor, and pushed the 1st floor button. But the elevator skipped the 1st floor and went straight to the basement level.When the doors opened, the men gazed out at a ghastly sight. They blood-covered doctors and orderlies bent over wounded and dying men. Amputated limbs lay in one corner. The scene was eerily silent. When one of the orderlies looked directly at them, the two men pounded the elevator buttons to get away.Many witnesses saw the same things, so not everyone could be wrong. So, unbelievers, what do you say now?

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Texans: “blazing, fighting mad”

In 1833 Santa Anna became President of Mexico. An elitist, he feared and thought little of the common man. Ignoring Mexico’s constitution, he dissolved congress, ordered the civil militia disarmed, and established his own dictatorship.  The Americans who had legally settled in Texas, a Mexican state, were not happy about this, to say the least. Texas and many other Mexican states openly rebelled.  Santa Anna then ordered that all foreigners caught under arms on Mexican soil would be treated as pirates and shot. Foreigners made up the great majority of the Texas Army. We all know what happened next at the Alamo, but weeks later a massacre occurred that turned Texan resolve into steel.

In March 1836, 400 Texans were near Goliad when a Mexican army of 1400 caught up with them.  The Texans fought, but the situation seemed hopeless, so they surrendered. Mexican General Urrea treated the prisoners well, and urged Santa Anna to show leniency “after a hotly contested engagement”. But Santa Anna would have none of it, and sent an aide to enforce a brutal order: Execute the nearly 350 prisoners, including the wounded.

Santa Anna made a bad mistake. The staunch Texans were furious!

About three weeks later, Sam Houston’s army was set to charge across the San Jacinto plain. At four o’clock in the afternoon, while the Mexican camp slept, the Texan army opened fire with two six-pound cannons. The entire Texan line surged forward shouting “Remember the Alamo!” “Remember Goliad!”

The Texans were so “blazing, fighting mad” General Houston, commander of the Texan army, did not want the Tejanos, Mexicans who sided with the Texans, to fight fearing the Texans would not distinguish between friend and foe during the battle. But the Tejanos wanted to fight and went into battle wearing cardboard signs in their hats to show that they were on the Texan side  

The fighting was intense. In the eighteen minutes of battle, the fighting became so fast and furious that all the Mexican soldiers could do was drop on their knees and shout their surrender.   

Santa Anna had disappeared during the battle. General Houston ordered a thorough search of the area.  A Texan fighter caught a Mexican dressed as a common soldier trying to escape. When the Mexican was brought back to camp the other Mexican prisoners shouted, “El Presidente!” to reveal Santa Anna’s identity.

So, Santa Anna was forced to surrender to General Houston, and Texas had won its independence. Texas was now free! Sometimes it pays to get “blazing, fighting mad!”

 

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Historic cemetery rededicated in Hancock County

A historic cemetery was recently rededicated in Hancock County. There was a special ceremony to honor one man in the Confederate Army. Family members said that he was a prisoner of war as well as a soldier for the Confederacy. Victor Ladner played an important part in American history. He played a historical role in the history of Hancock County as well.

Historic cemetery rededicated in Hancock County

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Blueskin and Old Nelson

Thomas Jefferson once referred to George Washington as:

“the best horseman of his age, and the most graceful figure that could be seen on horseback.”

Washington’s friend, the Marquis de Chastellux, a French national, also observed that Washington:

“is a very excellent and bold horseman, leaping the highest fences, and going extremely quick, without standing upon his stirrups, bearing on the bridle, or letting his horse run wild.”

Jefferson knew a good horseman when he saw one, and this was the age when being an accomplished horseman was taken as a mark of a true gentleman.

A good horseman needs a good horse, and Washington had many magnificent ones to ride. During the American Revolutionary War, the two horses prominently connected to him were Blueskin, and “Old Nelson.”

Blueskin was a dashing stallion “of a dark iron-gray color, approaching to blue.”He was a spirited animal, known for his endurance during a long chase.  Blueskin was a gift to Washington from Colonel Benjamin Tasker Dulany of Maryland.

“Old Nelson” was a chestnut with a white blaze and white feet. He was described as a “splendid charger,” standing sixteen hands high.  He was a gift from Thomas Nelson, Jr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of Virginia.

Old Nelson proved to be Washington’s favorite horse to ride into war because he was less skittish during cannon fire and the startling sounds of battle. Blueskin was his favorite hunting horse. Due to his near white hair coat, he was the horse most often portrayed in artwork showing Washington on horseback.

Washington on Blueskin

Washington chose to ride Nelson on the day the British army under the direction of Lord Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781

Both horses served Washington well during the 8 1/2 years of the American Revolutionary War. Nelson and Blueskin survived intact and were retired to Washington’s stables in Mount Vernon to live a life of ease and celebrity.Washington always displayed great respect and affection for his horses, and it was clear that the horses loved him, too. It was reported that Washington would walk around the grounds of the estate, and stop at Nelson’s paddock, “when the old war-horse would run, neighing, to the fence, proud to be caressed by the great master’s hands.”

Blueskin lived at Mount Vernon until Washington returned him to to Mrs. Dulany in November 1785, with along with a letter of gratitude. “Old Nelson” died at the estate in 1790 at about the age of 27, quite old for a horse in that era.

Great men carry the honor and privilege of having great horses.

 

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Wheat’s Tigers: Rebels in Arms

“Wheat’s Tigers” was the nickname of a Louisiana Battalion formed from the rougher sections of New Orleans, men described as “thieves, and outcasts…and bad characters generally.”

Of all the units that took the field at the First Battle of Manassas in July 1861, none exceeded the flair and intensity of the 1st Louisiana Special Battalion.  Raised from the dregs of New Orleans, they were primarily Irish immigrant dockworkers, tough and gutsy as their combative commander, Major Roberdeau Wheat.

Although the Tigers were known for their drinking, card playing, fighting and general mischief, they proved themselves fearless and effective at the Battle of First Manassas.

The Tigers dressed in colorful uniforms like the North African “Zouaves” then in the service of the French Army, and became known as one of the South’s best and most fearsome units.

Known as Bull Run to the Federals, Manassas was the first major battle of the war.  Even before the main fight began, the Louisiana Tigers made a charge. Lieutenant Adrian of Company B fell with a leg wound. As he lay on the ground bleeding, he shouted:“Tigers, go in once more, go in my sons, I’ll be great gloriously God damned if the sons of bitches can ever whip the Tigers!”One of the Rebels later said, “Our blood was on fire. Life was valueless.”

One of the Yankees later said the charge “seemed to me to be the most terrible moment of this terrific contest.”By dusk of that day, the Union army was driven from the field and retreated all the way back to Washington. General Beauregard reported that the Tigers displayed “dauntless courage and imperturbable coolness,” and that these men could stand tall and say, “We were of that band who fought the first hour of the battle of Manassas.”

Major Roberdeau Wheat, leader of the Tigers

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Confederate Cherokee Bravery

During the Civil War, the Cherokee Nation had 3,000 men serving as Confederate soldiers.

The Cherokee, by nature a peaceful people, were exceptionally skilled at protecting themselves.  They were naturals at close-quarters fighting, and adept at the irregular tactics of guerrilla warfare.

A leader of the Cherokee, Stand Watie, was eager to join the Confederate cause. In June 1861, he began recruiting for an army to assist the Southern cause. He was elected Chief of the newly declared Southern Cherokee Nation

Stand Watie’s birth name was Tak-er-taw-ker, meaning “Stands Firm.”  He combined parts of his Cherokee name and his father’s name, Oo-wat-ie, to call himself Stand Watie in English..

In March of 1862 Stand Watie caught the attention of senior officers when he captured a Union artillery battery. He then led a skilled rear guard action to protect a retreating Confederate army to prevent a disastrous defeat.

Watie’s courage, tactics and leadership led to his assignment to a command position. Watie rose to the rank of Brigadier General. One of the units under Watie’s command was the Cherokee Mounted Rifles.  His unit was active in cutting Union supply lines and disrupting the enemy’s operations in the Western Theater of the Civil War.

He kept on fighting until June 23rd, 1863, months after Appomattox, and longer than any other Confederate General.

The U.S. Postal Service commemorative stamp issued on June 29, 1995.

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“Heroine of the Battle of Cowpens” – Catherine Moore Barry

At the time American society did not easily permit women to take part in the Revolutionary War. But there were many women who definitely had a significant role in the formation of this country. One of them was Catherine (Kate) Moore Barry.

Kate was a true American heroine.When her husband, Andrew, became a captain and commanding officer in the war, she proudly helped him acting as a spy and messenger and even fought in some battles with him.  She is best known for her role in warning the American militia the British were about to invade, just before the decisive Continental Army victory at the Battle of Cowpens, January 17, 1781.

Acting as a scout for the American forces, Kate became known as the “Heroine of the Battle of Cowpens.”  She was an excellent horsewoman and knew every trail and shortcut around her South Carolina plantation.  Although there is no historical proof, it is said that she tied her baby to her bedpost and, using her knowledge and skills, gallantly rode her horse through Indian trails to warn her neighbors that the British were coming.

Kate had single-handedly rounded up an impressive amount of local Patriots to help General Morgan. With her help, Morgan laid a trap for General Corwallis and his men. After the trap proved a success, Cornwallis retreated right into the hands of George Washington in Yorktown, Virginia.

Thanks to the bravery of women like Catherine Barry, the victory at the the Battle of Cowpens became the turning point in the American War for Independence that ultimately led to the American colonies winning their independence. .

Yes, “girl power” from the 1780’s. Even then not all women were stay at home Moms.

Catherine (Kate) Moore Barry Historical Marker in South Carolina

 

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“The Most Daring Courage”

Nathan Bedford Forrest is one of ablest commanders on record, the only Civil War officer to go from Private at the beginning of the war to highest rank then used, Lieutenant General. Union General Sherman said Confederate Lt. General Forrest was “the most remarkable man our civil war produced on either side.” Sherman, regarded as a great strategist, wrote this about Forrest: “…he had a genius for strategy which was original, and to me incomprehensible. There was no theory or art of war by which I could calculate with any degree of certainty what Forrest was up to. He always seemed to know what I was going to do next.” Forrest was remarkably brave in battle. Private James Hamner described one of their early battles:   “The Col. (Forrest) was about 50 yards ahead of us fighting for his life. I believe there was at least fifty shots fired at him in five minutes. One shot took effect in his horse’s head, but did not kill him. He killed 9 of the enemy.” Of another early battle, General Clark wrote this of Forrest: “…he was conspicuous for the most daring courage; always in advance of his command. He was at one time engaged in a hand-to-hand conflict with 4 of the enemy, 3 of whom he killed, dismounting and making a prisoner of the fourth.” Forrest was noted for using a distinctive 12-star battle flag. He removed the middle star so his enemies knew exactly who they were fighting.

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“The Fightinest Marine I Ever Knew”

The United States Highest award for “conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty” is the Congressional Medal of Honor. In over 150 years only 19 men have won it twice.

One of the most legendary two time recipients is Marine Corps Sergeant Major Dan Daly. Here is the remarkable story of how he earned his Medals of Honor.It was in China, 1900. Daly was part of the U.S. Embassy Guard in Peking when the Boxer Rebellion broke out. American diplomatic buildings were about to come under siege. Marine Private Dan Daly volunteered to man a barricade about 100 yards forward of the main line of Marines, a position known as the Tartar Wall. If the Chinese rebels thought one man would be a pushover, they were soon to learn better.Armed with a bolt-action rifle and bayonet, Daly spent the night beating back the attackers.  When more Marines arrived the next morning, they found Daly puffing on a cigarette, surrounded by bodies of the enemy. Marine Corps legend puts the number at around 200.  

Daly’s Medal of Honor citation simply states,

“Daly distinguished himself by meritorious conduct.”

Fourteen years later Gunnery Sergeant Daly would earn his second Medal of Honor serving in Haiti fighting against the Cacos.

While attempting to ford a river at night, his 38-man Marine unit was ambushed from three directions by hundreds of insurgents.  The Marines fought their way across the river, but lost their heavy machine gun in the river. Given the odds, that machine gun meant the difference between life and death. Daly went back into the river, searching for the gun while the enemy surrounded their position.  He returned with gun and ammunition strapped to his back. The Marines split into three teams and attacked.  As one man noted afterward,

“Had one squad failed, not one man of the party would have lived to tell the tale.” A later report stated that Daly “was the most conspicuous figure.” He was awarded his second Medal of Honor. But Daly was not finished being a hero yet. He is probably best remembered within the Marine Corps for bravery in World War I.  In June 1918 at the battle of Belleau Wood, the Marines were pinned down under heavy artillery barrage. The 44 year old Daly, led a counter-attack with a battle cry that has become Marines lore,

“Come on, you sons of Bitches, do you want to live forever?!”

Later in the battle, Daly single-handedly eliminated a machine gun nest armed with his 45 pistol and grenades. In the course of the battle he was wounded three times.

Daly was recommended for a third Medal of Honor, and was ultimately awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Navy Cross and France’s Médaille Militaire.

Major General Lejeune, Commandant of the Marine Corps, called him “the outstanding Marine of all time.”

Major General Butler the only other Marine to have earned two Medals of Honor,  called him “The fightinest Marine I ever knew,” and wrote that “it was an object lesson to have served with him.”

Offered promotion several times, Daly once remarked, “I would rather be an outstanding sergeant than just another officer”

U. S.  Marine Sergeant Major Dan Daly stands tall in the history of America.

 

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Perryville – “It was Death to Retreat”

The Battle of Perryville in Kentucky one of the most important battles of the American Civil War, but most people, including many Civil War buffs, know little about it..

Sam Watkins was there and he wrote about it in his famous memoirs. Sam served in the First Tennessee, Company H, and fought in every major battle that this Confederate unit was engaged in – Shiloh, Corinth, Stones River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, the Atlanta Campaign, Franklin, and Nashville.

There were over 55,000 Union and nearly 17,0006,800 Confederate troops in the area. These numbers make Perryville the largest battle to have been fought in the Bluegrass State.

He writes about his experience,

“I was in every battle, skirmish and march that was made by the First Tennessee Regiment during the war, and I do not remember of a harder contest and more evenly fought battle than that of Perryville.”The morning of the battle dawned, and the two sides “seemed to be eyeing each other.” Finally about noon, “they opened their war dogs upon us… and from one end of the line to the other seemed to be a solid sheet of blazing smoke and fire.”The Yankees and the Rebels were locked in “a mortal struggle” as the Rebels advanced.  Then Sam’s company encountered four cannons that fired into them:“We did not recoil, but our line was fairly hurled back by the leaden hail that was poured into our very faces… It was death to retreat now to either side.”These cannon were Napoleon guns, capable of firing 12-pound shots.The Rebels charged ahead and were soon in hand-to-hand fighting. Neither side wanted to yield.  Sam described it:“Such obstinate fighting I never had seen before or since….it seemed the earth itself was in a volcanic uproar.”

Confederate General Braxton Bragg also commented on the battle saying,

“for the time engaged it was the severest and most desperately contested engagement within my knowledge.”

Sam Watkins also wrote,

“I do not know which side whipped, but I know that I helped bring off those four Napoleon guns that night.”

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Red Cloud – A True Hero

North Korean troops crossed the 38th Parallel in June 1950. President Harry S Truman ordered the 24th Infantry Division to head to Korea. Among the soldiers of the 24th was Mitchell Red Cloud, a Native American Ho-Chunk (Winnebago Tribe). A Marine veteran of WW II, he was one of Carlson’s Raiders at Guadalcanal, and took a bullet on Okinawa. Discharged after the war, he was back in uniform two years later to serve his country. His actions in Korea would earn him the Medal of Honor.One night Mitchell was at a forward observation post when he spotted the enemy charging from a brush-covered area, less than 100 feet away.  He opened fire with his Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), and emptied magazine after magazine at point-blank range.

His citation read,

“His accurate and intense fire checked this assault and gained time for the company to consolidate its defense,”.Mitchell was hit twice. A medic applied dressings, and Mitchell resumed firing. He was hit again, but refused aid.“Corporal Red Cloud pulled himself to his feet, and wrapping his arm around a tree, continued his deadly fire again, until he was fatally wounded.”Because of Mitchell’s cover fire, the rest of his Company were able to withdraw to fortified positions. He gave his own life to save many.

And that is the definition of hero.

 

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